Rochelle Harden
EDPSY 317
Prof. Levin
11 March 2003
Human Developmental Theories: Part II
Gyre: Like the flight of a descending bird I have often thought
of human development as circular. That is human development is neither continuous
nor discontinuous, but rather a combination of stage-like and gradual processes
in which an individual may stagnate, progress, or regress. This idea allows
not only for the fact that individuals may return to previous stages/statuses,
but also allows for the fact that individuals may be at multiple stages in
different areas of their life.
| Freud's Stages of Psycho Sexual Development |
Erikson's Stages of Psycho Social Development |
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development |
Maslow’s Heiarchy of Needs |
Helm’s Racial Identity Models |
|
| White Racial Identity Model |
People of Color Identity Model |
||||
| Oral |
Trust vs. Mistrust |
Preconventional Morality— Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation |
5. Self-actualization
(self-fulfillment) needs |
Contact Status |
Conformity (Pre-Encounter) Status |
| Anal |
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
Preconventional Morality— Stage 2: Naive Hedonism |
4. Ego needs (self-esteem and the esteem of others) |
Disintegration Status |
Dissonance (Encounter) Status |
| Phallic |
Initiative vs. Guilt |
Stage 3: "Good Boy/Girl" Orientation |
3. Social needs (sense of belonging) |
Reintegration Status |
Immersion/ Emersion Status |
| Latency |
Industry vs. Inferiority |
Stage 4: Social Order Maintaining Morality |
2. Security needs (personal safety) |
Pseudo-independence Status |
Internalization Status |
| Genital |
Identity vs. Role Confusion |
Postconventional Morality— Stage 5: Social Contact Orientation |
1. Physiological needs (food, water, shelter) |
Immersion/ Emersion Status |
Integrative Awareness Status |
| Intimacy vs. Isolation |
Postconventional Morality— Stage 6: Morality of Individual Principles of Conscience |
Autonomy Status |
|||
| Generativity vs. Stagnation |
|||||
| Ego Integrity vs. Despair |
|||||