1. Nel Noddings, "Thinking, Feeling, and Moral Imagination," in Midwest Studies in Philosophy: The Philosophy of Emotions, ed. Peter A. French and Howard K. Weltstein (Notre Dame, Ind.: Notre Dame Press, 1998), 135-45; Deborah Meier, "Supposing That," Phi Delta Kappan 78, no. 4 (1996): 271-76; Maxine Greene, Releasing the Imagination (San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1995); John Deigh, "Empathy and Universalizability," Ethics 105 (1995): 743-63; and Thomas Lickona, Educating for Character: How Our Schools Can Teach Respect and Responsibility (New York: Bantam Books, 1991).

2. See in particular: William Damon, The Moral Child: Nurturing Children's Natural Moral Growth (New York: The Free Press, 1988) and Nancy Eisenberg and Janet Strayer, eds., Empathy and its Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).

3. Samuel P. Oliner and Pearl M. Oliner, The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe (New York: The Free Press, 1988).

4. Margaret Urban Walker, Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics (New York: Routledge, 1998).

5. Ibid., 7 and 9.

6. Ibid., 5.

7. Ibid., 66, emphasis added.

8. Nel Noddings, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984). This text will be cited as CA, for all subsequent references.

9. David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. Selby-Bigge and P.H. Nidditch, 2d ed. (1739-40; reprint, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), 415.

10. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. H.J. Patton (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1964), 70.

11. Lawrence Blum, Friendship, Altruism, and Morality (Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980), 2.

12. Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, 66, emphasis added.

13. Interesting work has been done on the tension created by the perfect duty to tell the truth when it meets the duty to aid. See for example, Sissela Bok, Lying (New York: Vintage, 1978); Barbara Herman, The Practice of Moral Judgment (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993); Thomas Hill, Autonomy and Self Respect (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); and Nancy Sherman, Making a Necessity of Virtue: Aristotle and Kant on Virtue (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).