2. Catherine T. Fosnot, ed., Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice (New York: Teachers College Press, 1996), 9-11.

3. John McDowell, Mind and World (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994), 111. This book will be cited as MW in the text for all subsequent references.

4. Catherine T. Fosnot, "Constructivism: A Psychological Theory of Learning," in Fosnot, Constructivism, 11-29.

5. Maxine Greene, "A Constructivist Perspective on Teaching and Learning in the Arts," in Fosnot, Constructivism, 121.

6. David McLellan, trans., Karl Marx: The Early Texts (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1972), 140, cited in McDowell, Mind and World, 119.

7. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, "The Communist Manifesto," in Essential Works of Marxism, ed. Arthur P. Mendel (New York: Bantam Books, 1961), 22-25.

8. George Friedmann, ed., The Political Philosophy of the Frankfurt School (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981), 13-26.

9. Geoffrey Hartman, "Ghostlier Demarcations," in Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism: Selected Papers from the English Institute, ed. Murray Krieger (New York: Columbia University Press, 1966), 109-32.

10. E. James Cunningham, "Northrop Frye and the Educational Responsibilities of Contemporary Criticism," Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1998, 1-62.

11. Zoltan Tar, The Frankfurt School: The Critical Theories of Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno (New York: John Wiley, 1977), xv.

12. Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 257-60 and Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1957), 121-22.

13. Frye, Anatomy, 50-1.

14. Ibid. 51-52.

15. Northrop Frye, On Education (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988), 126-28.

16. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 201-3.

17. Cunningham, "Northrop Frye," 203-33.

18. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment (New York: Continuum, 1982), 136-37 and Northrop Frye, The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971), 147.

19. Horkheimer et al., Dialectic of Enlightenment, 126-27 and Northrop Frye, "The Dialectic of Belief and Vision," in Northrop Frye: Myth and Metaphor, Selected Essays, 1974-1988, ed. Robert Denham (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1990), 94-95.

20. Horkheimer et al., Dialectic of Enlightenment, 128.

21. Horkheimer et al., Dialectic of Enlightenment, 161-67 and Frye, Anatomy, 350.

22. Theodor Adorno, Introduction to the Sociology of Music (New York; Seabury Press, 1876), 195.

23. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 345.

24. Frye, Critical Path, 174.